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    Topic
    Genre: Informative Text
    An informative text gives the reader
    factual information about a specific
    subject in the real world.
    “Fantasy in Movies” is about fantasy
    movies, special effects and how
    makeup artists contribute to both.
    Genre: Myth
    A myth is a traditional story that isn’t
    true. It often contains supernatural
    characters that illustrate cultural beliefs.
    “Odysseus and the Cyclops” takes place
    in a magical world where strange—and
    impossible—things happen.
    by Ann Gianola
    27
    by Sterling Montgomery
    Key Words
    blind
    conqueror
    cyclops
    disgusting
    guest
    inhabited
    nobody
    responsible
    sailor
    satyr
    Identifying the
    Central Message
    Fables, folktales and
    myths are stories
    that teach the values
    and beliefs of diverse
    cultures. In order to
    identify the central
    message of a myth, ask
    yourself: What do the
    main characters learn?
    1 Look at the pictures in
    the play. Who are the
    main characters?
    2 Listen and follow.
    6
    by Ann Gianola
    28 Topic 2
    Narrator 1
    Odysseus, the famous and
    clever Greek hero, and his
    sailors are lost on their way
    home from the Trojan War.
    Right now, they are climbing a
    mountain in search of food.
    Narrator 2
    This is a very scary place
    inhabited by one-eyed giants
    called cyclops.
    Narrator 3
    At the entrance of a huge cave,
    they meet a satyr, who is part
    horse and part man.
    Characters
    Narrator 1 Sailor 2
    Narrator 2 Cyclops
    Narrator 3 Sailor 3
    Odysseus Chorus
    Satyr Neighbor
    Sailor 1
    29
    Odysseus and the Cyclops
    Narrator 1
    Odysseus and the sailors pick
    up some food and hungrily
    begin to eat.
    Sailor 1
    Let’s take this food and go back
    to the boat—before the cyclops
    returns!
    Chorus
    The sailor is right! Run away now!
    Odysseus
    Don’t worry! There is no need to
    do that. Maybe the cyclops will
    enjoy our company…and treat us
    as special guests.
    Chorus
    Or eat you!
    Narrator 2
    Soon Odysseus and his sailors
    hear some thundering footsteps.
    Chorus
    BOOM…BOOM…BOOM…
    BOOM!
    Narrator 3
    The cyclops, an enormous
    monster, enters the cave.
    Chorus
    Uh-oh.
    Odysseus
    I am Odysseus, the conqueror
    of Troy. My sailors and I are very
    hungry after a long, difficult
    journey. Can you help us?
    Satyr
    This is the cave of the cyclops. Be
    very afraid of him! He will eat all
    of you! Go back to your boat!
    Odysseus
    Before he returns, can you please
    give us some food? We can smell
    something delicious. Is it lamb?
    I’m sure the generous cyclops
    won’t mind. We can offer you
    some honey water…
    Satyr
    (Smiling) Well, in that case…
    Come in! (He grabs the honey
    water and takes a big gulp.)
    Please…take all the food you
    need, friends! (The satyr begins to
    dance.)
    30 Topic 2
    Narrator 1
    His giant sheep follow him. He is very hungry…
    Chorus
    …and angry!
    Narrator 2
    From the inside, the cyclops rolls a big rock in
    front of the entrance. The sailors are trapped!
    Cyclops
    (In a loud voice) Who are you?
    Narrator 3
    Odysseus decides not to give his real name.
    Odysseus
    I am…Nobody.
    Cyclops
    Satyr, why are these men in my cave? Why are
    they eating my food?
    Satyr
    (Hiding the honey water) They attacked me and
    stole everything!
    Odysseus
    That is not true! The satyr gave it to us!
    Cyclops
    Are you eating my food? Then I will eat you!
    Narrator 1
    The cyclops picks up two men and eats them.
    Chorus
    Ew! That is disgusting!
    Narrator 2
    Odysseus and the other sailors are terrified.
    Narrator 3
    But now the cyclops is full. He lies down and goes
    to sleep.
    Odysseus and the Cyclops
    31
    Sailor 2
    Let’s kill him while he is sleeping!
    Odysseus
    We can’t do that. He is the only
    one strong enough to roll the stone
    away from the entrance. If he dies,
    then we will never get out.
    Narrator 1
    In the morning, the cyclops eats
    two more sailors for breakfast.
    Chorus
    GASP!
    Narrator 2
    He leads the sheep outside. Then, he
    rolls back the stone to close the cave.
    Sailor 3
    Oh, no! He will soon eat all of us!
    What can we do?
    Chorus
    That’s a very good question!
    Odysseus
    I have an idea. But we need to work
    quickly.
    Narrator 3
    Odysseus takes a large piece of
    wood and begins to carve one end
    into a very sharp point.
    32 Topic 2
    Narrator 1
    That evening, the cyclops returns and immediately eats two more
    men from the group. The sailors are horrified.
    Chorus
    Absolutely horrified!
    Odysseus
    (Trying to remain calm) Oh, cyclops. After that feast, you really must
    taste some honey water. (He hands him the honey water.)
    Cyclops
    Thank you! (He takes a big drink.) Yum! This is fantastic! Thank you,
    Nobody. As a reward for this wonderful honey water, I promise that I
    will eat you last.
    Narrator 2
    With his belly full of sailors and honey water, the cyclops falls into a
    deep sleep.
    Odysseus
    Now we must blind him.
    Narrator 3
    With all their strength, the men pick up the wood, make it red hot in
    the fire and blind the cyclops.
    Chorus
    OUCH!
    Cyclops
    Help! Something terrible has happened. He hurt me! I… I am blind!
    Narrator 1
    Another cyclops on the mountain hears him cry out. He answers in a
    loud voice from far away.
    Neighbor
    Who did this terrible thing to you?
    Cyclops
    Nobody. Nobody did this horrible thing! Nobody is responsible!
    Neighbor
    Sorry, I can’t help you. If nobody did it, then there is nothing that you
    or I can do. Go back to sleep!
    Odysseus and the Cyclops
    33
    Narrator 2
    While the cyclops moans in his sleep, Odysseus has a brilliant idea.
    Narrator 3
    He ties each of the sailors to the belly of a giant sheep. In the morning,
    the cyclops is furious!
    Cyclops
    (Feels around the cave) I can’t see you now. But I will find you later. And
    I will eat every last one of you! Nobody, I will chew very, very slowly
    when I eat you.
    Chorus
    Oh, please don’t do that!
    Narrator 1
    The cyclops unrolls the rock from the entrance to the cave. He leads
    the sheep out, feeling their backs to make sure that no sailors are trying
    to sneak away.
    Narrator 2
    Odysseus is clinging to the belly of the last one. The sailors finally escape.
    Chorus
    Odysseus has played a very baa-baa-bad trick!
    Narrator 3
    The sailors and the sheep run down the mountain to the boats. As they
    go out to sea, Odysseus calls out to the cyclops one last time.
    Odysseus
    Foolish cyclops! My name is not Nobody. I am Odysseus! I have blinded
    you and taken your sheep. And now we are free!
    34 Topic 2
    Sailor 1
    Don’t make him angry, Odysseus. You’ll be sorry!
    Narrator 1
    The angry cyclops throws a huge rock into
    the water.
    Chorus
    SPLASH!
    Narrator 2
    The enormous waves almost tip over the boat.
    The cyclops promises to get revenge.
    Narrator 3
    Odysseus laughs and continues his exciting
    adventures for many, many years.
    There are many lessons in life.
    35
    Odysseus and the Cyclops
    1 Mark (✓) the sentences that are true.
    Beginning
    1
    a
    Odysseus blinds the
    sleeping cyclops.
    b
    Odysseus and the
    sailors pick up some
    food and hungrily
    begin to eat.
    c
    The enormous waves
    almost tip over the
    boat.
    Middle
    2
    a
    With his belly full of
    sailors and honey
    water, the cyclops falls
    into a deep sleep.
    b
    Odysseus ties each
    of the sailors to the
    belly of a giant sheep.
    c
    At the entrance of a
    huge cave, they meet a
    satyr.
    End
    3
    a
    The cyclops picks up
    two men and eats
    them.
    b
    Odysseus and his
    sailors are very hungry
    after a long, difficult
    journey.
    c
    The sailors and the
    sheep run down the
    mountain to the boats.
    2 Identifying the Central Message Circle the central message of the story.
    1
    As the head of the family, you must be able to provide food
    and clothing for your family.
    2
    You should go to sleep when it is your bedtime.
    3
    We all have to face different problems on our journey through life.
    3 Listen to the first part of the story again. Mark (✓) the sentences that are true.
    7
    1
    Odysseus and his sailors are lost on their way home from a war.
    2
    They are in a scary place inhabited by one-eyed satyrs.
    3
    Odysseus and his sailors eat some of the cyclops’s food.
    4
    Odysseus decides not to give his real name.
    5
    The satyr tells the truth to the cyclops.
    6
    The cyclops helps Odysseus after his long journey.
    36 Topic 2
    4 Circle the correct phrases to complete the sentences.
    1
    At first, Odysseus doesn’t want to return to the boat because he thinks that…
    a
    the satyr is a very nice
    new friend.
    b
    the sailors are too tired to
    walk down the mountain.
    c
    the cyclops will enjoy their
    company and treat them as
    special guests.
    2
    Odysseus carves the end of a piece of wood into a point so he can…
    a
    move the big rock away
    from the entrance.
    b
    hurt the cyclops.
    c
    lead the sheep outside.
    3
    When the cyclops cries out that Nobody blinded him, his neighbor thinks that…
    a
    no one
    is responsible.
    b
    the satyr
    is responsible.
    c
    Odysseus
    is responsible.
    5 Circle the correct words to complete the sentences.
    1
    The mountain is a scary / clever place inhabited by one-eyed giants.
    2
    Odysseus and his sailors are afraid / hungry after a long, difficult journey.
    3
    The cyclops is an enormous / exciting monster.
    4
    The cyclops picks up and eats two men. That’s delicious / disgusting.
    5
    Odysseus and the other sailors are brave / terrified.
    6
    Odysseus has a brilliant / foolish plan to escape from the cyclops’s cave.
    6 Nemesis Read the story again and answer the questions.
    1
    Who is the nemesis in this story?
    2
    Give an example of a nemesis figure
    in another story that you know.
    7 Active Reading Work with two classmates. Interview Odysseus and the cyclops.
    Student A is the interviewer, Student B is Odysseus and Student C is the cyclops.
    Ask Odysseus: Ask the cyclops:
    1
    Why did you climb the mountain?
    2
    Why did the satyr let you in the cave?
    3
    What happened when you saw the cyclops?
    4
    How did you escape?
    1
    Who did you find in your cave?
    2
    Why were they there?
    3
    Why did you eat the sailors?
    4
    What happened next?
    Nemesis
    A nemesis is the bad character in
    a story who is difficult to defeat.
    37
    Odysseus and the Cyclops
    Key Words
    dwarf
    fascinate
    frame
    muscle
    optical
    puppet
    scar
    stretch
    villain
    wrinkle
    Identifying the
    Main Idea and
    Key Details
    The main idea is the
    central thought of the
    text. The key details
    are all the facts and
    information that support
    the main idea. In this
    text, the author presents
    main ideas and offers key
    details to back them up.
    1 Look at the background
    photo on page 38. Look
    at the heading on page
    39. What do you think
    the main idea is?
    2 Listen and follow.
    8
    38 Topic 2
    by Sterling Montgomery
    Fantasy fascinates us. We love stories
    about astonishing events, incredible
    heroes and terrible villains! But
    why are we so interested in fantasy
    creatures and the worlds they live
    in? Why do we like fantasy when we
    know it isn’t real? Well, one reason is
    that fantasy movies help us to escape
    the real world for a little while.
    Fantasy movies are about adventures
    in far-off lands with dragons or
    spaceships. They are not about
    math homework!
    Fantasy also appeals to us because
    it can help our imaginations! The
    imagination is like a muscle. It stops
    working when we don’t use it. But
    when we watch a fantasy movie,
    we can almost imagine ourselves in
    the world on the movie screen. We
    feel the things the characters are
    experiencing.
    If you go to a movie theater today, it’s
    very possible there will be a fantasy
    movie playing. It might even show
    beautiful and terrifying worlds full
    of mythical creatures like dragons,
    elves and dwarves. But how is this
    possible if these creatures don’t really
    exist? Well, great fantasy movies
    have special effects. These illusions
    in movies are important because
    they make fantasy worlds seem
    real. So how do moviemakers create
    these incredible worlds and amazing
    creatures? By using special effects!
    Fascination with FantasyFascination with Fantasy
    Fantasy in Movies
    39
    Films have used special effects since the early 1900s. There
    are two types of special effects. There are optical effects and
    mechanical effects.
    A computer uses pictures from a camera and creates an optical or
    visual effect. An optical effect can make actors look like they are
    somewhere where they are not. Imagine you are watching a movie
    about people in space. The people aren’t actually in space. It’s an
    optical effect that makes them look like they are.
    To make a mechanical effect, you
    don’t need a camera. You need
    explosives, masks, models and more.
    When a car or a building explodes
    in a movie, it’s a mechanical effect.
    Creating weather and using
    makeup can also be mechanical
    effects. However, none of these
    special effects are possible
    without the tools and technology
    to make them.
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    Special Effects
    40 Topic 2
    All movies use some form of technology these days. But the
    combination of special effects and technology are very important
    in fantasy movies. They bring dinosaurs back to life, create new
    worlds and make humans fly and animals speak.
    One of the first movies that successfully combined
    technology and fantasy was King Kong (1933).
    This was when special effects were still done by
    hand. The director used stop-motion animation
    to bring King Kong to life. First, the movie crew
    made a puppet of King Kong. Then they put it
    into position and filmed one frame. After that,
    they moved the puppet a little and filmed another
    frame. Later, they put all the frames together. This
    is how they made King Kong look like he was
    climbing up a very tall building!
    Nowadays, the most common technology used in movies
    is computer-generated imagery (CGI). Computer graphics were first used
    in movies in the 1970s. But CGI really became popular (and better!) in the
    1990s with Jurassic Park (1993). CGI is similar to stop-motion animation.
    However, the moviemakers use computers and
    animation software programs instead of a movie
    camera to create each frame.
    CGI is now very common and continues to
    improve. Movies that use CGI look more
    and more real every year. This wouldn’t be
    possible without improvements in technology.
    It makes watching a fantasy movie an
    incredible, imaginative experience!
    King Kong (1933)
    Jurassic Park (1993)
    Technology and Special Effects
    41
    Fantasy in Movies
    Makeup Artists
    Scars!
    What do most evil characters in
    fantasy movies have in common,
    especially zombies? They have
    scars! There are lots of types of
    scars, too. There are fresh scars,
    old scars, long and thin scars.
    To make scars, makeup artists use
    makeup you can find in a store, like
    lipstick, eyebrow pencils and nail polish.
    Sometimes they use ketchup! And sometimes
    they use the same glue that you use in
    school! They also use special liquids, like
    rigid collodion, which stretches the
    skin when it dries.
    Glue
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    1DLOSROLVK
    .HWFKXS
    Makeup is a mechanical effect. And
    one of the most important people
    who help create these special
    effects in movies is the makeup
    artist. They can make young
    people look old. They can also
    create fantasy creatures. They
    make elves, dwarves and zombies
    look real! They could make you look like a
    zombie, too! Some of the makeup materials and tools
    are expensive or hard to find. However, they may also use some
    of the things in your kitchen! What do you think you could use?
    Topic 2
    42
    1 Draw the scar. Makeup artists draw the outline of a scar
    onto the skin with an eyebrow pencil. The shape and size
    of the scar depends on what the character needs. The
    scar can have jagged lines, an X shape, or any number of
    different forms.
    2 Apply the liquid collodion. Put the collodion on and wait
    for it to dry. When the collodion dries, it makes wrinkles
    and actually looks like a real scar! Lots of people use this
    on Halloween. If you add more collodion, the scar will look
    deeper and scarier!
    3 Add color. The colors that makeup artists
    use are usually reds, browns and yellows.
    A light red color makes the scar look
    fresh. A brown color makes the scar
    look older. But whatever color you
    use, the scar will look real!
    Scars are a small part of creating the
    fantasy world. There are hundreds of
    other ways to complete the zombie look:
    white or gray face paint, prosthetics,
    wounds and many more! Sounds like a lot
    of fun! What special effect will you try?
    Here’s How They Do It!
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    43
    Fantasy in Movies
    1 Read the text again. Circle Ye s or No.
    1
    Fantasy movies are about real life events. Yes No
    2
    A villain is a bad person. Yes No
    3
    Fantasy movies are bad for the imagination. Yes No
    4
    People still create special effects by hand. Yes No
    2 Circle the correct phrases to complete the sentences.
    1
    A makeup artist…
    a
    changes actors into
    fictional characters.
    b
    has a lot of scars.
    c
    doesn’t have
    special skills.
    2
    CGI is a way of making images…
    a
    by using real materials.
    b
    by using computers.
    c
    by using cameras.
    3
    Makeup artists use a special liquid called…
    a
    hard collodion.
    b
    soft collodion.
    c
    rigid collodion.
    3 Active Reading Listen and mark (✓) the materials makeup artists use for scars.
    9
    4 Number the sentences in the correct order.
    Add makeup to the scar.
    Decide on the shape and size of the scar you want to make.
    Draw the outline of the scar using an eyebrow pencil.
    Add more makeup to make it look worse!
    Apply the liquid collodion.
    44 Topic 2
    5 Conjunctions Complete the sentences with and, because,
    but or when.
    1
    I like fantasy movies comedies.
    2
    I like fantasy movies, I don’t like action movies.
    3
    I like fantasy movies they are set in the future!
    4
    I like fantasy movies they usually have great special effects.
    6 Identifying the Main Ideas and Key Details Scan the text and write the other main
    ideas. Read the text again and underline the key details.
    1
    2
    3
    4
    7 Describe your favorite fantasy movie to a classmate. Who are the characters? What special
    effects does it have?
    A
    Draw a scene from the movie. Share your picture.
    Fantasy fascinates us.
    Conjunctions
    We use conjunctions such as
    and, because, but and when
    to connect words, phrases and
    sentences.
    45
    Fantasy in Movies
    Connect to Me
    1 Complete the chart. What real and fantasy characters do you know about?
    Real Fantasy
    2 Write the beginning of a story. Use a real person and a fantasy character in your story.
    Once upon a time…
    Connect to Art
    1 Create a favorite fantasy movie character. Complete the fact file about the character.
    Character’s Name:
    Description of Character:
    46 Topic 2