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6
Topic
Genre: Informational Text
In an informational text, an
author writes about facts or real
events.
“Playing It Safe” is about top
athletes around the world and
their superstitious behavior.
Genre: Tall Tale
A tall tale is a story with
exaggeration. When you
exaggerate, you say something
is bigger or grander than it
actually is. Some parts of a tall
tale are realistic. Other parts
are exaggerations—they cannot
possibly be true.
“Lagarto, Lagarto” is about a boy
and the unluckiest day of his life.
by Dan Anthony
Playing
It Safe
by Dale Anderson
Lagarto, Lagarto
107
Developing a Story
Authors usually tell stories
by listing events in the order
they happen. But they also
develop the story in other
ways. For example, they may
repeat a sentence or phrase
throughout a story. This ties
the events together and
helps readers remember an
important idea in the story.
Key Words
barista
flick
incredulously
mutter
on the house
quizzically
shatter
shrug
slam
squash
stroll
upturned
1 Read the first three
paragraphs of the story.
Why do you think Lexi says
“lagarto, lagarto?” Scan
the story and underline
this phrase each time it is
repeated. Why do you think
characters in the story repeat
this phrase?
2 Listen and follow.
12
Lagarto, Lagarto
by Dan Anthony
108 Topic 6
Lexi squashed his nose up against the glass, trying to make out the palm
trees on the square. The rain was so heavy it was like staring into an aquarium.
He expected to see a jellyfish float by any second.
“Lagarto, lagarto,” he muttered.
But nothing changed. This was still the unluckiest day of his life.
Outside the little café, the rain lightened up a little. Lexi could see the square
now. The metal covers on the drains popped up and geysers of foaming water
spluttered upwards. Lexi’s eyes widened as he looked for the streets that led up to
the castle. There were no streets that Lexi could see. They had all become
fast-moving rivers.
If we weren’t on a hill, thought Lexi, as he gazed at a partially submerged bus,
the square really would have filled up with water. And we’d all have been washed away.
109Lagarto, Lagarto
He looked like a drowned rat. Pools of water spread out from around his shoes. His new high
school uniform stuck to his skin. His hair dripped. His nose steamed.
“Soda?” a voice asked.
Lexi turned. He looked up. Standing next to him was Pepe—a tall boy of about seventeen.
Lexi was only twelve, and still very short.
“I had to come here,” said Lexi. “To see the game.”
“What?” said Pepe, strolling back to his coffee machine behind the counter. “Nobody’s going
to be watching football tonight. The only customers I’m going to get will be fish.”
Lexi moved away from the window and sat on one of the big stools opposite Pepe.
“Can we share the soda?” asked Lexi.
Pepe looked at Lexi, then at the empty tables, then at the fifty cents Lexi was holding out.
It was dripping wet, too. Usually the café was packed with people. But thanks to the rain, all he
had was one customer who couldn’t even buy a drink.
110 Topic 6
Pepe opened a can. He slammed it on the counter.
“It’s on the house. Don’t tell the boss. And get dry.”
Pepe handed Lexi some of the towels he used to dry the dishes. Lexi’s eyes moved up toward the
television. They were playing music videos.
“I had to come in. Can you get the football on the telly? At home my aunt says ‘it’s homework
or nothing’ on weekdays.”
Pepe shrugged and started flicking through the channels. He doesn’t pay, he wants to watch
TV and he makes the floor slippy—what’s up?
Lexi knew Pepe. His aunt and Pepe’s uncle had once been on a date. But it didn’t work out.
According to Lexi’s aunt, there was no spark.
“Can I tell you a secret?” asked Lexi, sipping his soda.
Pepe stopped chewing. He took the damp towels back and hung them on the hooks on his side
of the counter.
“Of course,” said Pepe. “I’m a barista now, I get to keep a lot of secrets.”
“My luck’s run out. No matter how hard I try to bring it back—it’s gone, and now I’m in real
trouble,” said Lexi.
111Lagarto, Lagarto
“Ever since I was a kid, I’ve been so
careful…” Lexi mumbled.
Pepe looked quizzically at his
penniless young customer, in his damp
high school uniform, with his brand new
short haircut.
“You are a kid,” sighed Pepe.
Lexi ignored Pepe. “When I was a
kid, I used to walk to the square to catch
the primary school bus,” he explained.
“One day, as I was walking past the bank,
someone called out to me. Do you know
who that someone was?”
Pepe’s eyes widened a little.
“Karl-Heinz???” he asked.
Everybody knew Karl-Heinz. Though
no one could remember exactly when he
arrived on the square. The story was that
he’d come on holiday from Germany years
ago. He liked the warm weather so much
he never went back. Karl-Heinz sat on the
pavement between the bank and the café,
begging for money behind his upturned
hat. He watched people come and go in the
square. After a few years, people realized
that Karl-Heinz knew more about people
in the town than even the bank manager.
Recently, he’d put on a little weight and
he even looked a bit like a bank manager.
Karl-Heinz called the space behind his hat
“his office” because so many people went
there for advice. His advice was so accurate,
he had become something of a lucky
charm to the people in the town.
Topic 6112
“My uncle told me to give Karl-Heinz a coffee in
the morning and one in the afternoon, and not to
charge him,” said Pepe, “for good luck.”
“My aunt always drops a euro in his hat,” said
Lexi, “for good luck.”
“It was Karl-Heinz who told my uncle to open
this café,” added Pepe. “He said that the people
who go to the bank, who wait at the bus stops on
the square and who shop in the supermarket all
need a coffee. Karl-Heinz was right. This place is a
success—that’s why my uncle gave me a job.”
Lexi shivered as he thought about what Karl-
Heinz had told him. “That day I went to catch
the bus,” he whispered, “Karl-Heinz told me I
was unlucky. He said I’d lost my mum and dad
because of bad luck. He also said I could improve
my luck.”
Pepe bit into some fresh gum and turned the
volume down on the TV. He could see the football
program from the stadium. The ground was only
a couple of kilometers from the café. That evening
Alicante CF of the second division were due to take
on the mighty Real Madrid. It was going to be
a bloodbath. Alicante didn’t stand a chance.
“This is what Karl-Heinz told me to do when I
was a kid,” continued Lexi, ‘”to have good luck—
so I didn’t lose anyone else.”
Pepe chewed.
Lexi took a deep breath, “Don’t step on a
crack in the pavement. Don’t walk under ladders.
Always walk up the last two stairs on any staircase
backwards. Never eat the last chip on a plate.
Count to nine before you go to sleep. And if you
see a dog, never move until you find another one.”
113Lagarto, Lagarto
Pepe interrupted. “He didn’t tell me to do those things. All he said to me was ‘if you can make a
good cup of coffee, you’ll be a rich man.’”
“Oh…and if you see an accident, or some bad luck,” added Lexi, “say ‘lagarto, lagarto.’”
Pepe laughed, “Who’s ever heard of ‘lagarto, lagarto’?”
Just then a glass fell off the rack on the back of the counter and it shattered on the floor.
Never doubt anything Karl-Heinz says, thought Lexi.
“Lagarto, lagarto,” muttered Lexi as Pepe grabbed the dustpan and broom and began sweeping
up the mess.
“So what did you do?” asked Pepe, spitting his gum into the bin as he shook the glass from the
dustpan.
“Before last night, I always said ‘lagarto, lagarto’, I never once stepped on a crack in the
pavement, walked under ladders or ate the last chip on a plate. I always walked up the last two stairs
backwards and I always counted to nine before I went to sleep. I was the most cautious person in
town!” said Lexi. “Look how Karl-Heinz’s advice worked for us both—you’ve got a job and I haven’t
lost anyone else. But now something’s gone seriously wrong.”
“Oh, yeah?” asked Pepe. “If you’ve been so careful, what’s happened to change your luck?”
“This morning Karl-Heinz told me to watch out at the new high school. He said some of the other
kids were mean. He said he’d give me something so they wouldn’t push me around.” Lexi responded.
114 Topic 6
Pepe thought for a minute. “He’s right. When I was in high school, they pushed me around. I spent
my first year in goals fetching the ball back for the big kids.”
Lexi looked directly at Pepe and sighed, “Karl-Heinz told me to tell them Alicante would beat Real,
7 to 0.”
“In tonight’s game? Are you serious?!? There’s NO WAY Alicante can beat Real Madrid! I know
Karl-Heinz said it, but…you didn’t actually tell anyone that, did you?” asked Pepe, incredulously.
“You know what it’s like,” moaned Lexi. “The school is massive. I don’t know anyone in my class.
Everyone and everything is strange there. The teacher introduced himself. Then he asked us all to say
out loud who we were and to say one interesting thing about ourselves. Most people said how old they
were, or where they lived or what pets they had. When it came to me, you can guess what I said.”
Pepe shook his head and started to speak, “You didn’t…”
Lexi interrupted, “I told them that my name was Alexis Juan Jose Morales, and that I knew Real
Madrid would lose to Alicante by 7 goals to 0.”
Lexi hung his head, remembering what had happened earlier in the day.
Pepe looked at Lexi in sympathy and said quietly, “They laughed at you, didn’t they?”
“Yeah,” said Lexi miserably, “But then I told them it was Karl-Heinz who told me.”
“Well,” said Pepe slowly, “if Karl-Heinz said it, maybe Alicante will win. And if that’s the case,
why are you so worried?”
115Lagarto, Lagarto
“Because!” Lexi yelled, “Last night I didn’t walk up the last two stairs backwards, I ate all the
chips on my plate and I forgot to count to nine before going to bed!!”
Pepe looked at him in shock.
“Now everyone in school wants to be my friend. They think I’m cool because Karl-Heinz gives
me advice!” Lexi said angrily. “And on my way here, I ran into two classmates. They said their
mums and dads, their friends, their relations…they’re all betting on my scores. Karl-Heinz’s scores!”
Pepe shook his head. “Man. You are NOT going to be very popular tomorrow. Maybe you
should stop going to school.”
Lexi looked up with a gleam of hope in his eyes, “Maybe I should. Maybe I should quit school
and get a job. I’m only twelve but there’s got to be something I can do.”
“C’mon, Lexi! I was only joking!” said Pepe. “You can’t quit school.”
“But I have to do something! Kids at school are going to hate me!” Lexi cried.
Pepe thought for a moment and said, “Well, there’s only one thing I can think of…”
“What?” said Lexi excitedly.
“We have to go see Karl-Heinz. He’ll know what to do.” Pepe said confidently. “Let me get a
coffee for him and we’ll go.”
116 Topic 6
The rain had all but stopped. The streets were still wet but they no longer looked like raging
rivers. And Karl-Heinz had taken up his position again between the café and the bank.
Lexi waited as Pepe locked the café and pocketed the keys. Then they walked toward the town’s
lucky charm.
“I’ve been expecting you,” Karl-Heinz called out to the boys. “You didn’t follow my advice for
improving your luck last night, Lexi.”
Lexi looked at his shoes, too embarrassed to say anything.
Pepe handed him the coffee without saying a word.
“Well,” said Karl-Heinz, “there may still be something we can do.”
The man thought for a moment. Then he thought some more.
“Lagarto, lagarto,” muttered Lexi, praying for the bad
luck to end.
Karl-Heinz laughed, “That’s a start, but it’s not enough.
You need to go to the middle of the square, hop on one
leg and say ‘lagarto, lagarto’ a hundred times.”
Pepe laughed.
Karl-Heinz looked closely at Pepe and said,
“And you have to do it, too.”
Pepe’s mouth fell open, but no words appeared.
Lexi looked up at Pepe, his eyes begging him to
do as Karl-Heinz said. Pepe only sighed and
nodded. The boys then silently turned
and walked toward the center of
the square.
Lagarto, lagarto.
117Lagarto, Lagarto
1 Circle the correct answers.
1
Why is Lexi in the café where Pepe works?
a
He hopes Pepe will give him advice.
b
He wants to watch a football game on TV.
c
He needs a dry place to wait during the rainstorm.
2
Who is Karl-Heinz?
a
the richest man in town
b
a beggar who gives lucky advice
c
a bank manager who can see the future
3
Why is it the unluckiest day of Lexi’s life?
a
He meets Karl-Heinz for the first time.
b
He doesn’t have money for a soda at the café.
c
He has told everyone Alicante will beat Real Madrid 7-0.
4
What advice does Karl-Heinz give him?
a
Hop while saying “lagarto, lagarto” a hundred times.
b
Sit between the café and the bank and ask for money.
c
Step on cracks in the pavement and walk under ladders.
2 Complete the sentences with the correct words.
barista incredulously on the house quizzically shrug upturned
1
The dog looked at me , as if it wanted to ask me a question.
2
A
makes and serves coffee at a café or coffee shop.
3
Since it was her birthday, the waiter gave her a free dessert .
4
I looked at him . I couldn’t believe what he was saying!
5
If your hat is , it may be upside down.
6
You your shoulders to show that you don’t know or don’t care.
3 Think and write. Do you think following Karl-Heinz’s advice will change Lexi’s luck? Why or why not?
118 Topic 6
4 Developing a Story Match the parts of the sentences.
1
At the beginning of the story, Lexi says
“lagarto, lagarto” because…
2
When a glass falls and breaks, Lexi
says “lagarto, lagarto” because…
3
When Lexi and Pepe visit Karl-Heinz,
Lexi says “lagarto, lagarto” because…
4
The story ends with the words “lagarto,
lagarto” because…
a
he hopes Karl-Heinz will help end his
bad luck.
b
he wants to change his unlucky day to
a lucky one.
c
the boys are going to hop in the square
while saying it to end their bad luck.
d
he thinks Pepe caused the bad luck by
laughing about “lagarto, lagarto.
5 Figurative Language Read each example of figurative language
from the story. Write S (simile), M (metaphor) or H (hyperbole).
1
“The rain was so heavy it was like staring into an aquarium.
2
“He expected to see a jellyfish float by any second.
3
“There were no streets that Lexi could see.
They had all become fast-moving rivers.
4
“He looked like a drowned rat.
5
“The only customers I’m going to get will be fish.
6
“Maybe you should stop going to school.
Figurative Language
The author of this story uses
similes, metaphors and
hyperbole to make the story
more vivid and help readers
picture scenes in the story.
Similes are comparisons
using like or as. Metaphors
are comparisons that don’t
use like or as. Hyperbole is
exaggeration.
6 Active Reading Interview one
character from the story: Lexi,
Pepe or Karl-Heinz. Take the role
of the interviewer or the character.
Ask, “Are you lucky or unlucky?
Why? What lucky or unlucky
experiences have you had?”
7 Think and draw. What superstition
is popular in your country?
A
Share your ideas.
119Lagarto, Lagarto
Playing It Safe
by Dale Anderson
1 Read the first two
paragraphs. What’s
the topic of the text?
2 Listen and
follow.
13
Summarizing
A text usually has
two or three main
ideas and key details
that support the
topic. Identifying and
retelling the main
ideas and key details
concisely is called
summarizing.
Key Words
challenge
confidence
factor
habit
in a row
irrational
psychologist
routine
superstition
tournament
Serena Williams
What is the secret to tennis star Serena Williams's success on the court? Do you
think it's the hours she spends practicing tennis? Is it all the time she spends lifting
weights? Is it her intense concentration? All those factors certainly play their role.
But could the key to her championship play be her stinky socks?
Serena Williams is like many top athletes. She has a superstition, or an
irrational belief in the near-magical power of doing a certain thing in a certain way.
Deep down, these athletes probably do not really believe that their unusual actions
actually produce success, but they don't take any chances, either. After all, whatever
they did before worked! They seem to follow a simple rule: if you find something
that works, keep doing it. Play it safe if you play to win.
Serena's Socks
As a tennis player, Serena
Williams competes in tournaments
around the world. The rules of a
tournament are simple. Win and
you go to the next round. Lose
and you go home. Keep winning
and you go all the way to the final
round, and the victor of that match
is the champion.
Williams follows her own simple
rule: Whatever socks she is wearing
when she wins her first round match
becomes her footwear for the duration. As long as she keeps winning, she keeps
putting the same pair of socks on her feet. It doesn't matter how worn or smelly
they get in a match. She will put them back on for the next match.
Once she loses, the socks are history. Then she looks through her dresser
drawer to find the next pair of lucky socks.
120 Topic 6
Michael’s Shorts and Rafa’s Feet
Serena is not the only athlete to have a superstition based on
special clothing. When he played for the Chicago Bulls, basketball
star Michael Jordan always wore a pair of shorts from his college
team under his Bulls uniform. It's hard to argue with a guy who
won six NBA championships, though.
However, clothing is not the only way athletes try to capture
good luck. Athletes follow a wide range of habits, or repeated
actions, that show their superstitious side. Spain’s Rafael Nadal
might be the champion of superstitions as well as tennis. He
has nineteen different routines that he follows when playing a
match. They start with how he carries his racket and bag when he
arrives on the court. Every time Nadal goes onto to the court, he
makes sure he crosses the line with his right foot first.
Is Nadal crazy? Perhaps—but he’s also a winner. He’s the
first tennis player to win at least one of the four Grand Slam
tournaments each year for ten years in a row. So if you’re
thinking of becoming a tennis pro, you might want to add
crossing lines with your right foot to your training!
Other Superstitions
Do you think eating chicken has nothing to do with hitting
a baseball? Don't tell retired star Wade Boggs that! Boggs made
sure he ate chicken before every ballgame. He thought it brought
him luck. Had he lost touch with reality? Could be, but Boggs was
definitely in touch with how to hit a baseball. He believed that
eating that chicken helped him collect more than 3,000 hits in his
eighteen-year career and put him in his sport's hall of fame.
Wade Boggs didn’t limit himself to food superstitions. He also
counted on following a fixed routine before each game. He took
batting practice at exactly the same time before every game.
He ran sprints to warm up precisely two hours after that practice.
Michael Jordan
Rafael Nadal
121Playing It Safe
Hockey star Sidney Crosby has a different approach
to performing at his peak. Crosby is the only person
allowed to tape his hockey sticks. If anyone else does it,
he removes the tape and does it again. He also comes to
center ice exactly five minutes before the beginning of
each game and stops to tie the laces on his skates. Not
surprisingly in someone so fixed in his habits, he always
ties them the same way. Every single time, he ties the
right skate first and then the left.
Hairy Times
Sometimes whole teams give way to superstition. All
the Pittsburgh Penguins—Crosby's teammates—grew
beards when the team began its 2016 playoff run for the
Stanley Cup. Every single one of them. Playoff beards
have been around in hockey since the early 1980s. That’s
when the New York Islanders wore their beards proudly
on the way to win four straight Stanley Cups. With that
kind of success, it’s little wonder that several teams
follow the tradition each year. The beards are lucky
charms, something that is supposed to bring good luck
and winning ways.
Hockey playoff beards have also sprouted up outside
the National Hockey League and even beyond the sport.
College and high school hockey teams have been known
to grow good-luck beards. A couple of baseball players
on the Boston Red Sox team let their beards grow in the
spring of 2013. As the team kept winning, more players
grew beards. By the time the Sox were in the World
Series, only one player was without a beard. They won
the World Series in spite of his risky behavior.
Sidney Crosby
Superstitious Pittsburgh Penguins Fans
122 Topic 6
Danell Leyva
Are They Serious?
Why do these athletes have these superstitions? What purpose do these habits and
routines serve? Psychologists say that superstitions serve an important function. They
help athletes believe that they can control events that are actually beyond their control.
That sense of control gives the athletes some piece of mind. They gain the all-important
confidence, or belief in themselves, that allows them to compete at the highest level.
On the other hand, athletes who doubt themselves generally don't perform at their best.
Confident athletes, though, are ready to take on anything.
That sense of control is important. Athletes confront many challenges. Weather can change the
flight of a ball if the game is played outdoors. A delay to your starting time can hurt your mental focus.
And there’s always the biggest challenge—you’re competing against another top athlete.
So along with everything they do to prepare for a match, athletes also try to make sure they’re lucky.
Even if that means following centuries-old superstitions. Portuguese soccer star Cristiano Ronaldo makes
sure he steps onto the field right foot first. That’s not all—Ronaldo has a special way to ensure good luck in
the second half of a game. After the halftime break, he returns to
the field with a different hairstyle than he had in the first half.
Still a Doubter?
Still think all these superstitions are crazy? Think about American
gymnast Danell Leyva before you decide. He carries a lucky towel
to every competition and drapes it over his head when he’s waiting
for his turn. At one 2016 event, he forgot his towel. He had one of
his worst performances ever and even fell off the parallel bars. Not
surprisingly, Leyva remembered the towel when he went to Brazil for
the Olympics later in 2016. The towel lucky charm worked. He took
two silver medals—including one in the parallel bars.
So Serena Williams's lucky footwear might not be the thing that
makes her so good after all. Still, older sister Venus—also a tennis
champion—might want to look for the socks she wore when she last
defeated Serena, in 2014. After all, Serena has won sixteen of the
other twenty-six times the sisters played each other. Maybe there's
something to those socks after all!
Playing It Safe 123
1 Match the athletes with the superstitious behaviors.
1
Serena Williams
2
Michael Jordan
3
Rafael Nadal
4
Wade Boggs
5
Sidney Crosby
6
The Pittsburgh Penguins
7
Cristiano Ronaldo
8
Daniel Leyva
a
to eat chicken
b
to enter with the right foot
c
to wear the same socks
d
to wear shorts from college team
e
to stop shaving beard
f
to tape own hockey sticks
g
to have a different hairstyle after halftime
h
to carry a lucky towel
2 Complete the sentences with the correct words.
challenges confidence habits irrational superstition
1
Many people have daily like getting up at the same time every morning.
2
A belief that does not make any sense is .
3
People who have in themselves are ready to perform at their best.
4
We all face many and have to find ways to overcome them.
5
The fear of walking under a ladder is a common .
3 Answer the questions.
1
Why do some athletes have certain habits?
2
What are superstitions?
3
How do superstitions help athletes?
4
How might superstitions harm athletes?
124 Topic 6
4 Author's Purpose Work with a classmate. Scan the text. What is
the author’s purpose? Cite evidence.
5 Summarizing Scan the text again. Note the main ideas and key details
for each section.
1
Section: Serena’s Socks
a
Main Idea: Serena Williams has a superstition.
b
Key Detail: She will continue to win as long as she wears “winning” socks.
2
Section: Michael’s Shorts and Rafa’s Feet
a
Main Idea:
b
Key Details:
3
Section: Other Superstitions
a
Main Idea:
b
Key Details:
4
Section: Hairy Times
a
Main Idea:
b
Key Details:
5
Are They Serious?
a
Main Idea:
b
Key Details:
6
Still a Doubter?
a
Main Idea:
b
Key Details:
6 Active Reading Act out different athletes’ superstitions. Have classmates guess who the athlete is.
7 Think and discuss. What sports superstitions do you know? Do you believe any of them?
Author’s Purpose
All texts have a purpose:
to persuade, to inform or
to entertain the reader.
The author’s purpose can
affect how the reader views
events and information in
the text.
125Playing It Safe
It’s bad luck to...
Connect to Me
1 Write a short story about a character who has a very unlucky day. Use at least three of the
superstitions below. How does the character improve his or her luck?
Connect to Social Studies
1 Work with a classmate. Choose a country. Research common superstitions in that country.
Share your information.
step on a crack in the pavement walk under a ladder eat the last chip on a plate
let a black cat cross your path break a mirror open an umbrella indoors
126 Topic 6